Wire rod is one of the final products of the steel factory, which is rolled from billet in the factory. Wire rods are mainly used to produce steel wire, which is then subjected to further operations. The steel used in wire rods is produced both in steelmaking processes such as oxygen primary steelmaking and in electric furnace steelmaking. In the process of converting steel wire to wire, the wire is usually pulled cold, which is suitable for further processing such as traction, cold rolling, cold heading, cold extrusion or hot and cold forging.
Wire Rod is used in the manufacture and production of many products. Wire rods are the raw material of wire pulling devices. Various applications of wire road in making wire rope, spring, electrode, barbed wire, steel reinforcement in aluminum conductor and prestressed concrete, mesh, fittings, car parts and hardware manufacturers and so on. Some Wire Rod products are shown in Figure 1.

Some Wire Rod products
Although wire rods can be produced in ordinary shapes (such as squares, hexagons, etc.), most wire rods are produced in the form of a circular cross section. Circular wire rods are usually produced in nominal diameters of 5 mm to 19 mm and can be increased by 0.5 mm. When the wire leaves the rolling machine, it becomes a coil. These coils are secured with either a wire rod or a belt. In each coil, the wire rod is continuous and without any breakage. Depending on the equipment of the device, the inside diameter of the wire winding usually varies in the range of 810 to 910 mm. The outer diameter of the wire coil depends on its weight and is typically in the range of 1100 mm to 1300 mm. The weight of the coil can vary from mill to mill in the range of 600 kg to 2.5 tons. Tickets with longer and larger cross sections produce heavier coils. The wiring coils, the winding securing methods and the determining dimensions of the winding are shown in Figure 2.

Wire Rod Coil
Coil weight can be limited depending on the capabilities of the wire drawing equipment and machinery. The wire coil is held in a device with at least four steel straps or four steel connecting rods in the transverse direction. The wire rod must be sufficiently compressed before using a steel strap or clamp. The belt / clamp shaft is fixed in the transverse direction with an circumferential strap so that the belt does not slip and does not cause the coil to detach. A number of lower weight winding coils are usually integrated and fastened to make them easier to operate at the end of the machine and transport. In this case, each unit is known as a single-wire coil unit.
The wire rods are rolled in the machine. A schematic view of the device is shown in Figure 3.
Steel wire with ordinary carbon
Ordinary carbon steel wire in various grades or combinations such as (i) low carbon steel wire (maximum carbon 0.15), mild steel wire (carbon content in the range of 0.15 to 0.2, carbon steel wire) Medium (carbon content in the range of 0.31 to 0.60%) and high carbon steel wire (carbon content greater than 0.65%). Typically, sulfur and phosphorus are used in a certain amount, while The amount of carbon, manganese and silicon varies according to the required mechanical properties.
Wire rods are produced for the production of carbon steel wire by controlling and implementing inspection procedures that are essential to ensure the safety and removal of harmful surface defects for specific applications. Wire rods are produced with ordinary carbon with different qualities, which are described below.
Industrial quality wire
Made oflow carbon or mild steel (carbon content less than 0.22%) and is mainly intended for stretching industrial wires. This type of wire is used to produce various types of steel wires, nails and wire entanglement.
Wire rod with chain quality
Wire rods for the production of welding wires made of low carbon and mild steel have been developed through research that confirms their suitability for traction operations. Having the characteristics of butt weld uniformity and internal health is essential for this function. Wire rods can use specially selected low-carbon steels to produce welded chain wires.
Good quality wire rod
Suitable for pulling small diameter wires without medium or annealed. 5 mm diameter wire rods can be pulled directly to 0.9 mm wire without medium annealing. Wire thinner than 0.9 mm is usually stretched in two stages for products such as insect netting, weaving wire, and flower wire, which is first reduced to an average of less than 0.9 mm, and then baked and stretched again to final size. High-quality wire roz is usually made of very low-grade carbon steel, which uses good techniques to polish the surface well and provide internal cleanliness. In addition to these precautions, intestinal wire is subjected to tests such as breaking or macro-etching.
Wire rod with cold finish

Wrapping the wire
Intended for stretching products with a cold finish. The production of this product is controlled to ensure that it has a surface with suitable conditions.
cold heading, cold extrusion, or cold rolled wire
It is a rod used to produce cold heading, forging, cold extrusion or cold rolled wire. These types of wires are used to make bolts and nuts that are widely used in auto parts and industrial machinery. Wire rods are produced by precise control methods. This device is tested and inspected to ensure that the inside is safe and free of harmful surface defects. In the production of cold heading, forging, cold extrusion or cold rolled wire in non-oxide steels with a nominal carbon content of 0.16 or higher, austenitic grain size and decarbonization must be controlled. Depending on the final consumption, such steels can be produced with fine or coarse austenitic grains.
Wire rod wood screws quality
Includes sulfurized and non-carbonated low-wire for wire drawing, which is only for the production of slotted head screws, and not for the production of recessed head screws and other head screws.
Quality bead-free rod
Wire rods that are wired for non-scrap nuts are made by special production control methods. The machine is subjected to factory tests and inspections to ensure that the interior is safe, free from harmful detachments and harmful surface defects, and satisfactory performance during cold heading, cold expansion, cold punch and thread impact. Wire rods for scrap-free nuts are typically made of low carbon and resulfurized steels. Non-resulfurized steels are also used, but these steels are usually made only in grades containing more carbon than resulfurized grades and with a maximum of 0.035% phosphorus and a maximum of 0.045% sulfur. In resulfurized steels, the specified sulfur range is either 0.08 to 0.13% or 0.04 to 0.09%.
Intense cold heading, severe cold extrusion, or quality wire with no scrap beads
It is used to form severe single-stage or multi-stage colds in which moderate heat treatment and inspection are not possible. Wire rods with this quality are produced with precise production control methods and strict inspection methods to ensure the degree of internal desirability and the absence of surface defects. Completely killed fine-grained steel is usually required for the most difficult operations.
Wire rod suitable for welding wire
These rods are used for general welding electrode wires, CO2 shielded welding wires and arc welding wires as filler metal. Suitable welding rods can be made of low carbon steel sheets. Produced in enclosed and chemically limited areas. Examples of enclosed ranges and limitations for low-carbon welding wire are 0.10 to 0.15 to carbon, 0.40 to 0.60 to manganese, 0.025 to phosphorus-maximum, 0.035 to maximum sulfur, and 0.030% to maximum silicon. Precise component control is required to ensure weldability and metal deposition quality. The wire rods are produced by slow cooling operation on the cooling conveyor and controlling the deviation of the technical specifications to ensure the tension of the rod.
Intermediate and high quality intestinal wire
Tensile wire rods for products such as wire in cable, lock washer wire, tire nut wire, precision spring wire, rope wire, wire mesh (for heavy aggregates in wire mesh), aluminum cable wire reinforced with main wire and pre-concrete wire Woven is considered. Production of various types of wires is usually taken directly from the cooled control rod. When stretching to sizes larger than 2.0 mm (5 mm from the wire rod), heat treatment is usually used in the pre-stretching process to the final size. Medium carbon and high carbon wire is not intended for the production of higher quality wires such as musical instrument wires or valve spring wires. High carbon steel wire rod requires fine perlite to maintain high strength and ensure the traction of its wire.
Wire rod for steel spring
The main application of steel spring wire rod is for coil springs and stabilizing rods. There are two types of steel springs: (i) coil spring and torsion bar which is produced hot and used for the vehicle suspension; and (ii) cold-made springs used for electronics, precision machinery, and furniture. Wire rods for springs must have a high elastic limit to prevent plastic deformation. It also has a flawless surface to ensure high fatigue and dimensional accuracy for better performance.
Wire rod for the production of steel bearings
Wire rod to produce steel bearings requires high durability against continuous loads and high rotational speed during operation. This type of wire rod is used in a variety of parts of industrial machinery, including ball bearings and ring bearings.
Wire rod for rubber strap
This type of wire rod is stretched in the range of 0.15 to 0.4 mm. Tire wires are usually made of high carbon steel wire. Steel wire is used to strengthen the durability of car tires. This type of wire requires special clean steel with high strength.
Wire rods for music strings
These wire rods are often used to produce high-strength bead wires, low-stress concrete (LRPC) steel wires, and music wires. This type of wire is made of high carbon steel with excellent filament tension, high strength and fatigue resistance.